初次编译 deb 压缩包常见问题与处理

提示

如果你是在 Ubuntu 下第一次编译 bigtop 或其它组件的 deb 包，很大概率会遇到类似的依赖缺失问题。 本文复现了使用 gradle 调用 deb 构建命令时的典型报错场景，并给出快速修复办法。

1. 触发场景

我在 Ubuntu 环境下，用 gradle 执行如下命令进行 bigtop-groovy deb 包的构建：

gradle bigtop-groovy-pkg -PparentDir=/usr/bigtop \
  -Dbuildwithdeps=true \
  -PpkgSuffix

2. 问题复现：日志与现象

首次编译时，终端会出现如下内容（本质上是 gradle 内部触发 dpkg-buildpackage 这一步时报错）：

核心日志节选：

 Starting process 'command 'dpkg-buildpackage''. Working directory: /opt/mo
dules/bigtop/build/bigtop-groovy/deb/bigtop-groovy-2.5.4 Command: dpkg-buildpackage -uc -us -sa -S
09:16:36.307 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Environment for process 'command 'dpkg-buildpackage'': {PATH=/opt/modules
/apache-maven-3.8.4/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/opt/modules/gradle-5.6.4/bin:/opt/modules/apache-ant-1.1
0.12/bin:/opt/modules/apache-ivy-2.5.0/bin:/opt/modules/jdk1.8.0_202/bin, LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s, LESSOPEN=| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s,
JAVA_HOME=/opt/modules/jdk1.8.0_202, OLDPWD=/opt/modules/gradle-5.6.4, TERM=xterm, GRADLE_HOME=/opt/modules/gradle-5.6.4, ANT_HOME=/opt/module
s/apache-ant-1.10.12, MAVEN_HOME=/opt/modules/apache-maven-3.8.4, HOSTNAME=ubuntu22, IVY_HOME=/opt/modules/apache-ivy-2.5.0, LS_COLORS=rs=0:di
=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;
44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;
31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:
*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31
:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;3
5:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.ti
f=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35
:*.webm=01;35:*.webp=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01
;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=0
1;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.og
g=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:, PWD=/opt/modules/bigtop, SHLVL=1, HOME=/root, _=/opt/module
s/gradle-5.6.4/bin/gradle}
09:16:36.307 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Changing state to: STARTING
09:16:36.307 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Waiting until process started: command 'dpkg-buildpackage'.
09:16:36.311 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Changing state to: STARTED
09:16:36.311 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.ExecHandleRunner] waiting until streams are handled...
09:16:36.311 [INFO] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Successfully started process 'command 'dpkg-buildpackage''
09:16:36.372 [QUIET] [system.out] dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package bigtop-groovy
09:16:36.372 [QUIET] [system.out] dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 2.5.4-1
09:16:36.372 [QUIET] [system.out] dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution stable
09:16:36.372 [QUIET] [system.out] dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by Bigtop <dev@bigtop.apache.org>
09:16:36.393 [ERROR] [system.err]  dpkg-source --before-build .
09:16:36.527 [ERROR] [system.err] dpkg-checkbuilddeps: error: Unmet build dependencies: debhelper (>= 7.0.50~)
09:16:36.527 [ERROR] [system.err] dpkg-buildpackage: warning: build dependencies/conflicts unsatisfied; aborting
09:16:36.527 [ERROR] [system.err] dpkg-buildpackage: warning: (Use -d flag to override.)
09:16:36.529 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Changing state to: FAILED
09:16:36.529 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.process.internal.DefaultExecHandle] Process 'command 'dpkg-buildpackage'' finished with exit value 3 (state:
FAILED)
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Completing Build operation 'Execute doLast {} action for :
bigtop-groovy-sdeb'
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Build operation 'Execute doLast {} action for :bigtop-groo
vy-sdeb' completed
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter] Removed task artifact state for {} from contex
t.
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Completing Build operation 'Task :bigtop-groovy-sdeb'
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Build operation 'Task :bigtop-groovy-sdeb' completed
09:16:36.530 [INFO] [org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor] :bigtop-groovy-sdeb (Thread[Execution worker for ':',5,main]) completed. T
ook 0.514 secs.
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.resources.AbstractTrackedResourceLock] Execution worker for ':': released lock on :
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultWorkerLeaseService] Worker lease root.1.5 completed (1 worker(s) in use)
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.resources.AbstractTrackedResourceLock] Execution worker for ':': released lock on root.1.5
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor] Execution worker [Thread[Execution worker for ':',5,main]] finished, busy
: 0.677 secs, idle: 0.004 secs
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor] Execution worker [Thread[Execution worker for ':' Thread 2,5,main]] finis
hed, busy: 0.0 secs, idle: 0.68 secs
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor] Execution worker [Thread[Execution worker for ':' Thread 3,5,main]] finis
hed, busy: 0.0 secs, idle: 0.68 secs
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor] Execution worker [Thread[Daemon worker Thread 10,5,main]] finished, busy:
 0.0 secs, idle: 0.68 secs
09:16:36.530 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph] Timing: Executing the DAG took 0.686 secs
09:16:36.532 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Completing Build operation 'Run tasks'
09:16:36.532 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor] Build operation 'Run tasks' completed
09:16:36.532 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.work.DefaultWorkerLeaseService] Worker lease root.1 completed (0 worker(s) in use)
09:16:36.532 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.internal.resources.AbstractTrackedResourceLock] Daemon worker Thread 10: released lock on root.1
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] * Where:
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] Script '/opt/modules/bigtop/packages.gradle' line: 472
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] * What went wrong:
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] Execution failed for task ':bigtop-groovy-sdeb'.
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] > Process 'command 'dpkg-buildpackage'' finished with non-zero e
xit value 3
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] * Try:
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.  Run with -
-scan to get full insights.
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildExceptionReporter] * Get more help at https://help.gradle.org
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildResultLogger]
09:16:36.533 [ERROR] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.BuildResultLogger] BUILD FAILED in 1s
09:16:36.533 [LIFECYCLE] [org.gradle.internal.buildevents.TaskExecutionStatisticsReporter] 4 actionable tasks: 4 executed

注意

只要看到 Unmet build dependencies: debhelper，就意味着你的环境缺少 debhelper 工具包，不是 gradle 代码问题，也不是 bigtop 逻辑问题，就是系统依赖未装齐。

3. 解决方法

直接补齐 debhelper 即可：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install debhelper -y

安装完成后重新执行 gradle 命令，编译就能顺利通过。

4. 补充说明与建议

提示

• 适用范围：不只是 bigtop，所有用 gradle、maven、手工 dpkg-buildpackage 打 deb 的场景，首次都要确保 debhelper 已安装。
• 建议：如果是自动化构建环境（如 Docker、CI/CD），可以把 debhelper 直接写进基础镜像的安装步骤，避免重复踩坑。
• 其它依赖：如果报 lintian、fakeroot、devscripts 等类似缺包，依然是 apt 装上即可。